Manifestations and treatment of polymyositis

Triggering a disease capable of hypothermia, trauma, sun exposure, allergies to certain medicines, pregnancy. A third of patients the disease occurs in conjunction with neoplastic diseases.

Polymyositis is a systemic disease in which skeletal muscles and inflammation due to infiltration of lymphocytes. Often the victim becomes inflammation of the myocardium.

If the disease is accompanied by rashes on the skin, then differencebut dermatomyositis.

What are the reasons?

Disease medicine poorly understood, and the etiology of most cases remains unknown. It is believed that the disease is multifactorial and is caused by a viral infection. The risk also increases parasitic diseases or mediated immune response to viral antigens.

Clinical manifestations

The symptoms differ depending on the group polimiozit.

In medicine, there is a certain classification of disease:

1. Primary idiopathic polymyositis. The disease progresses slowly and almost imperceptibly. And, most of this group affects the weak half of humanity. Symptoms: weakness of proximal muscles, it is difficult to climb stairs, comb hair, stand up of the squat, tension and muscle soreness. Often affects the neck muscles. Late “neglected” symptom – related muscle wasting, dysphagia.
2. Primary idiopathic dermatomyositis. Symptoms: skin rash – a different types of erythema, eczematous dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, rash on the face, trunk, nail beds, the limbs, the joints of the fingers.
3. Polymyositis or dermatomyositis on the background of the tumors. Precedes malingsia myositis, may develop after 2 years (time approximate). The disease primarily affects the elderly. In most tumors in this group are found in the lungs, the ovaries. Gastrointestinal tract, breast.
4. Juvenile (children’s) polimiozit in conjunction with vasculitis. Occurs in combination with subcutaneous calcification. From vasculitis can affect skin and internal organs.
5. Polimiozit (dermatomyositis) on the background of diseases of the connective tissue. SLE, scleroderma, RA, mixed diseases are more common than rheumatic and polyarteritis nodosa.

Diagnosis

To accurately diagnose biochemical examination of blood and urine. In the blood revealed a high content of ck, AT al, aldolase, AST, LDH, as well as RF and ANA. In acute extensive destruction of muscle fibers revealed myoglobulinuria and elevated levels of ESR. On the electrocardiogram are seen myopathic symptoms and anxiety.

On diagnosis, it is important to differentiate the following pathology:

• Parasitic myositis;
• myositis sarcoidosis;
• viral myositis;
• muscular dystrophy;
• the rheumatic polymyalgia;
• metabolic myopathy;
• the syndrome of eosinophilia-myalgia;
• paroxysmal myoglobulinuria;
• endocrine myopathies;
• radiculoplexus neuropathy.

Treatment

Laciniated, usually with glucocorticoids or cytotoxic drugs. The effectiveness of Prednisone has not been proven. Someone effect is observed from the first weeks, for some it will take a longer time (up to 3 months). Cytotoxic agents are used in severe disease with frequent relapses, when the negative reactions to hormonal or intolerances.

Elderly patients before treatment examined for the presence of tumors. Also used to contribute to elimination of violations, which are caused by decreased blood supply to the muscles. The recommended medication to improve metabolic processes and reducing the risks of complications.