29.03.2024

Complications after tooth extraction

There are times when conservative treatment fails, and there is only one solution – removal of the tooth. After ordinary outpatient surgery, the possible complications of varying severity. The most common of these are pain of varying intensity, General malaise, fever and inflammation of the tooth socket (alveolitis).

General and local complications

Patients with labile nervous system during this normal operation will be stressed and may lose consciousness. When there is insufficient or botched anesthesia may occur pronounced reaction to pain. We should also mention allergic reactions (urticaria, angioedema and anaphylactic shock) if the patient has intolerance to anesthetic, but he forgot to inform the doctor.

If the extraction process is delayed (for complex removal), and (or) it is accompanied by significant blood loss, does not exclude the development of heart insufficiency.

Local complications develop after the extraction is conducted, and the patient can leave the dentist’s office.

Pain after tooth extraction

Pain in the area of the alveoli after expiration of anesthetic appears the vast majority of patients. This is completely normal. During the removal violated the integrity of the ligaments of the tooth and the alveolus itself is damaged. After 1-2 days the pain disappear spontaneously. The reason for the repeated visit to the dentist is pain lasting more than 4-5 days in an open hole. For the relief of discomfort sufficient to take 1-2 tablets of analgesic (NSAID).

In some cases, the cause of the pain, we can conclude the area of its localization. Pain in the throat, for example, usually appears after removal of the posterior teeth including the “wisdom teeth” or third molars (especially in the difficult removal).

Pain can disturb, if the periosteum has formed a hematoma, jaw bone hurt after extraction of the tooth is multi-rooted, directed in different directions, or broke off part of the root (incomplete extraction).

Swelling

A very common complication of surgical procedures is slight puffiness or swelling of the gums, which is one of the symptoms of post-traumatic inflammation. In such a situation, it is recommended to attach the cheek pad with cold water. Better to take this action immediately upon returning home – then the inflammation will disappear quickly.

If the cheek were swelling until removal of the tooth, there is some asymmetry of the facial area may persist for several days after the intervention.

If relief does not occur within 1-2 days, and the swelling increases and is accompanied by pain, immediately consult your doctor.

Bleeding after tooth extraction

Blood after surgery for extraction of tooth appears from the hole in 100% of cases, as the injured blood vessels. The doctor can accelerate the process of hemostasis, reducing the edges of the hole with a sterile gauze pad. After a few minutes the blood stops and begins to form a blood clot. A tampon is usually allowed to spit after 10-20 minutes.

A clot in no event it is impossible to rinse out, because it repeatedly will slow down the healing process and will lead to all sorts of complications!

Early bleeding may be provoked by the action part of the anesthetic epinephrine (noradrenaline): when it ends, the vessels dilate for a while, which causes bleeding. Later bleeding is caused by the removal of the wadded turundy before the appointed time, occasional rinsing of a clot or poor blood clotting. Other causes of alveolar hemorrhage can be attributed to the breakdown of the alveoli or injury of blood vessels of palatal or sublingual region. Slow stop blood possible hypertension, leukemia, scarlet fever and some other General diseases. If bleeding from the gums, a dentist performs wound closure.

Fever after tooth extraction

A small temperature rise (около37-37,5°C) should not cause concern. In a pinch, you can take 1 tablet of motrin. If extraction of tooth was conducted in the morning hours, and no complications were, by the evening normal temperature normalizes.

If the temperature rises, and antipyretics virtually no help, you should immediately contact your doctor – it is likely that inflammation.

To stop the pain and discomfort after tooth extraction will help you with the infusions and decoctions of medicinal plants – oak bark, chamomile flowers or sage. Fitopreparaty you just need to keep in your mouth, not vypolaskivat from the hole blood clot.

Alveolitis

If inflammation of the socket (alveolitis), observed the following symptoms:

  • pain that increases after 2-3 days of extraction;
  • the body temperature rises to 38°C or more;
  • the wound appeared plaque a grayish hue;
  • a blood clot in the alveolus is absent;
  • in the mouth there is an unpleasant taste;
    from the mouth there is an unpleasant odor;
  • inflammatory swelling of the mucous membrane;
  • dysphagia (pain when swallowing);
  • the increase in regional lymph nodes.
Injury

During ekstruzii second premolar and molars of the upper dentition is not excluded perforation bottom maxillary sinus. In most cases this complication is due to the individual anatomical characteristics of the structure of the maxillary bones or the roots are too closely correlated with the bottom of the sinuses, or (rarely) bone septum is absent altogether. Cause additional destruction of the thinning of the walls sinus – active inflammatory process in the region of the root.

Some patients (especially elderly women suffering from osteoporosis) bone structure is so weak that the possible fracture of the jaw, even if the removal is without complications.

When the wrong forceps (not only the tooth but alveolar process) possible deletion of the fragment of the alveolar ridge. It is a difficult problem, solved only with the help of special protective plates and bone grafting.

Hematoma

Symptoms of a hematoma include:

  • the difficulty in opening the mouth;
  • increasing the temperature to 38°C;
  • the increase in regional (parotid or submandibular) lymph nodes.
Other complications

Need to immediately visit a doctor if you start to feel pain from an adjacent tooth or jaw bone. These symptoms may be a sign of the development of osteomyelitis. If the damage of the nerve branch possible transient paresthesia.

Pain in adjacent tooth is often a sign that it is dislocated when performing a particularly difficult removal. To identify this complication will help radiography.

In pediatric dentistry can such an error as the extraction of permanent tooth germ. Removing a baby tooth, which has resorbed the roots, the doctor starts to examine the hole, and the error is already missing the roots extracts the tooth germ of permanent dentition. The consequence of this malpractice is subsequently edentulous.

What to do if you have a toothache?

If severe tooth pain started during a holiday or weekend and no clinics, leading a daily intake, take pill NSAIDs (Ketanov, Ketorol, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol). The technique can be repeated after some time, observing the maximum dose specified in the annotation to the drug.

Reduce pain help of cold compresses that should be applied in projection of the patient’s tooth with an interval of 15-30 minutes.

If you are not allergic to lidocaine, moisten with a solution of local anesthetic a small piece of cotton and place in cavity or on the gums in the projection of the patient’s root.

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