28.03.2024

Structure, numbering and location of the vertebrae of the spine

The human spine contains not only the vertebrae, but the discs between them. There are more than twenty vertebrae, which are connected serially. The spine is conventionally divided into different sections.

Each is a certain number of vertebrae. Departments have different number of vertebrae. In addition, after the lumbar the sacrum is present, which includes 5 vertebrae, which is a single bone. Just below the sacrum is the coccyx, it is the basis of bone that fused together.

The spine is one of the most important structures in the human body. The structure of the vertebra allows a person to move. There are some features of the structure of the bones of the spine, among which may be noted an S-shape. This gives the spine elasticity, in addition, such a structure of the vertebrae can more efficiently perform the function of depreciation. Another advantage of this form of the spine is increased resistance to shocks during exercise. The structure of a typical vertebra that enables a person to walk upright.

The structural features of vertebrae

The structure of the spine

Where are the intervertebral discs can easily be understood from their names. They are responsible for connecting all of the vertebrae and make the load on the spine is not so serious. Also in the spine are ligaments, which are responsible for connecting bones. The joints are called “Facet”, their structure is vaguely similar to the knee joint. Thanks to them, ensures a high degree of mobility.

Each vertebra has a hole. It is necessary for the spinal cord, because they contain nerve endings that form the connection between the brain and various organs. Through the openings formed channel, which is necessary not only for nerves of the brain back, but also for vessels. In the formation of the above channel play an important role ligament. I want to highlight posterior longitudinal and yellow ligament. The second is needed in order to join the next arc between the vertebrae, and the other performs the function of the connector bones to the rear. The arc of the vertebral column includes seven processes. They attach not only ligaments and muscle tissue, but also the facet joints.

The spine is organized as follows. Initially, there is a part of the neck, then the thoracic, lumbar after. The lower part of the vertebra at the level of the waist has a connection with the sacrum, and it is connected with the coccyx. The structure of the cervical vertebrae may differ from the structure of the thoracic vertebrae, they have the shape of a cylinder. Inside each bone there is a substance, covered with a cortical layer. In turn, this substance consists of rungs. With their help, I formed cavities which contain marrow.

Characteristic of components of the vertebral column
  1. In the center of the disc between the vertebrae is the core, with a high degree of elasticity. It is necessary to perform the function of cushioning the spine. The nucleus is surrounded by a fibrous ring, which blocks the movement of the vertebrae individually from each other.
  2. The facet joints are needed to connect two neighboring vertebrae. Processes between the vertebrae are parallel in direction to each other, besides their endings, there is articular cartilage. With its reduced friction between the bones, which are responsible for the formation of the joint. The facet joints are responsible for providing movement between the vertebrae, thereby increasing its flexibility.
  3. Due to the processes in the joints, in various sections of the spinal cord foraminal openings are created. They are necessary for the exit of nerve endings and veins from the spinal canal. In addition, the channel consists of an artery, thereby providing blood flow to this design.
  4. Muscles, which are located near the spinal column, is necessary in order to diversify the movement. They allow the human body to turn or bend over.
The structure of the cervical vertebrae of the person

This Department, above all others, it consists of seven vertebrae. They have a bend ahead, form this Department resembles. This Department is the most mobile in comparison with others. However, he is experiencing the least load. The first vertebra is named Atlant. Its distinguishing feature is that he has no body. The reason is that even in the formation of the fetus, there is a connection in Atlanta with axial vertebra. Thus was formed the unusual tooth. Building 1 vertebra includes two arcs that connect channels. Also, the vertebra has a large number of holes inside.

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2 item in this Department, but not least, it is axis vertebra. Its distinguishing feature is the teeth, which in its kind is provided in the Appendix. Tooth elongated in the direction of the first vertebra. It consists of 2 surfaces of the joints. The front has a relationship with the pit deepening, and the rear surface is associated with the 1 vertebra. The neck is the most vulnerable to physical injuries. The reason is that the 1st and 2nd vertebrae have a small degree of strength, in addition to this muscle here is pretty weak compared to the muscles of the other divisions of the vertebral column. Should carefully monitor the condition of these vertebrae, because this division is connected with the skull.

The structure of the thoracic vertebrae

The structure of the thoracic vertebrae

Here the person has 12 bone tissues, form similar to the above Department. The thoracic is connected to the rib cage. The Department has very little mobility, according to the numbering of human vertebrae, they are labeled T1 – T12. With the help of the joints of the thoracic spine associated with the ribs, which, in turn, is responsible for the protection of all human thorax. With the help of this Department is the motor protective function and, since the ribs protect the heart and lungs of humans.

Lumbar

Has bending forward. Necessary in order to connect the thoracic spine with the sacrum. The vertebrae in the lumbar region of the most massive. This is due to the fact that the bones of this part of the spinal column have the greatest load due to high pressure from upper divisions. The lumbar spine has 5 vertebrae, but in some patients, this number may be more or less. The designation of these vertebrae L1 – L5.

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As mentioned above, the number of vertebrae in the lumbar region may be different. This is associated with the following diseases.

  • Globalizacija. In this situation, 1 bone in the sacrum takes the form of a vertebra from another Department, namely the lumbar.
  • Sanctification. In this situation all the way around. The last bone of the lumbar is of the form 1 sacral. In this case, only 4 vertebrae. This affects the motor system of man. Constrained movement of the patient due to the increased pressure on the discs between the vertebrae, and this increases their rate of wear.
The sacral region

The sacral region and the coccyx

He plays the role of support for all areas of the spine that are above. They should be numbered under the letter S. the Difference between these vertebrae – structure. They all grow together and participate in the formation of the sacrum. The sacrum is characterized by a large volume of bone, however, the processes in this Department is not so expressed. The size of the vertebrae gradually decreases. Form the lumbosacral looks like a triangle.

The coccyx

In humans, the structure of the spine special. The bones here do not have any processes. Women and girls of the vertebrae are not so severely restricted in movement than men. This somewhat simplifies the delivery. Form coccygeal Department can be compared to a pyramid. Medical experts believe that the coccyx was previously the tail, which evolved in the course of evolution.

Numbering of the vertebrae

Numbering starts in Atlanta and ends in the lower back. The designation of some motor items were created based on the designation of the vertebrae adjacent to them. First of all, indicates the top-most vertebra, then the number lower.

Table numbering allows healthcare professionals to specify the area of occurrence of the disease, which develops in the spinal column. It can be the most various diseases like low back pain, and complications associated with it. For example, with a herniated disc between the vertebrae medical specialists use a numbering scheme that formally adopted for PDS.

This approach is not only important for surgeons and traumatologists, but also for doctors of other profile. This allows any medical professional localization of pathology. For example, the following situation. After diagnostic studies, your doctor indicated a diagnosis of “osteochondrosis of L two – L three”. For this diagnosis we can understand that the patient has low back pain between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar bones. Also, any person, knowing the numbering scheme of the spinal column, will be able to understand what is written in the conclusion medical professional. Check the condition of your spine and notice any symptoms.

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